@charset "UTF-8";@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_AMS;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.BQhdFMY1.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.DMm9YOAa.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.DRggAlZN.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.Dq_IR9rO.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.BEiXGLvX.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.ATXxdsX0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.Di6jR-x-.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.CTRA-rTL.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.wX97UBjC.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.CL6g_b3V.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.BsDP51OF.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.BdnERNNW.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.CTYiF6lA.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.Dxdc4cR9.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.CB_wures.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Bold.Cx986IdX.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Bold.Jm3AIy58.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Bold.waoOVXN0.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic.DxDJ3AOS.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic.SpSLRI95.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic.DzxPMmG6.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Italic.NWA7e6Wa.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Italic.BMLOBm91.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Italic.3WenGoN9.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Regular.B22Nviop.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Regular.Dr94JaBh.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Main-Regular.ypZvNtVU.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.CZnvNsCZ.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.iY-2wyZ7.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.B3XSjfu4.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-Italic.t53AETM-.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-Italic.DA0__PXp.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Math-Italic.flOr_0UB.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.D1sUS0GD.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.DbIhKOiC.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.CFMepnvq.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.C3H0VqGB.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.DN2j7dab.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.YYjJ1zSn.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.DDBCnlJ7.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.CS6fqUqJ.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.BNo7hRIc.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Script;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Script-Regular.D3wIWfF6.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Script-Regular.D5yQViql.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Script-Regular.C5JkGWo-.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size1;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.mCD8mA8B.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.C195tn64.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.Dbsnue_I.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size2;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.Dy4dx90m.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.oD1tc_U0.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.B7gKUWhC.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size3;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(data:font/woff2;base64,d09GMgABAAAAAA4oAA4AAAAAHbQAAA3TAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABmAAgRQIDgmcDBEICo1oijYBNgIkA14LMgAEIAWJAAeBHAyBHBvbGiMRdnO0IkRRkiYDgr9KsJ1NUAf2kILNxgUmgqIgq1P89vcbIcmsQbRps3vCcXdYOKSWEPEKgZgQkprQQsxIXUgq0DqpGKmIvrgkeVGtEQD9DzAO29fM9jYhxZEsL2FeURH2JN4MIcTdO049NCVdxQ/w9NrSYFEBKTDKpLKfNkCGDc1RwjZLQcm3vqJ2UW9Xfa3tgAHz6ivp6vgC2yD4/6352ndnN0X0TL7seypkjZlMsjmZnf0Mm5Q+JykRWQBKCVCVPbARPXWyQtb5VgLB6Biq7/Uixcj2WGqdI8tGSgkuRG+t910GKP2D7AQH0DB9FMDW/obJZ8giFI3Wg8Cvevz0M+5m0rTh7XDBlvo9Y4vm13EXmfttwI4mBo1EG15fxJhUiCLbiiyCf/ZA6MFAhg3pGIZGdGIVjtPn6UcMk9A/UUr9PhoNsCENw1APAq0gpH73e+M+0ueyHbabc3vkbcdtzcf/fiy+NxQEjf9ud/ELBHAXJ0nk4z+MXH2Ev/kWyV4k7SkvpPc9Qr38F6RPWnM9cN6DJ0AdD1BhtgABtmoRoFCvPsBAumNm6soZG2Gk5GyVTo2sJncSyp0jQTYoR6WDvTwaaEcHsxHfvuWhHA3a6bN7twRKtcGok6NsCi7jYRrM2jExsUFMxMQYuJbMhuWNOumEJy9hi29Dmg5zMp/A5+hhPG19j1vBrq8JTLr8ki5VLPmG/PynJHVul440bxg5xuymHUFPBshC+nA9I1FmwbRBTNHAcik3Oae0cxKoI3MOriM42UrPe51nsaGxJ+WfXubAsP84aabUlQSJ1IiE0iPETLUU4CATgfXSCSpuRFRmCGbO+wSpAnzaeaCYW1VNEysRtuXCEL1kUFUbbtMv3Tilt/1c11jt3Q5bbMa84cpWipp8Elw3MZhOHsOlwwVUQM3lAR35JiFQbaYCRnMF2lxAWoOg2gyoIV4PouX8HytNIfLhqpJtXB4vjiViUI8IJ7bkC4ikkQvKksnOTKICwnqWSZ9YS5f0WCxmpgjbIq7EJcM4aI2nmhLNY2JIUgOjXZFWBHb+x5oh6cwb0Tv1ackHdKi0I9OO2wE9aogIOn540CCCziyhN+IaejtgAONKznHlHyutPrHGwCx9S6B8kfS4Mfi4Eyv7OU730bT1SCBjt834cXsf43zVjPUqqJjgrjeGnBxSG4aYAKFuVbeCfkDIjAqMb6yLNIbCuvXhMH2/+k2vkNpkORhR59N1CkzoOENvneIosjYmuTxlhUzaGEJQ/iWqx4dmwpmKjrwTiTGTCVozNAYqk/zXOndWxuWSmJkQpJw3pK5KX6QrLt5LATMqpmPAQhkhK6PUjzHUn7E0gHE0kPE0iKkolgkUx9SZmVAdDgpffdyJKg3k7VmzYGCwVXGz/tXmkOIp+vcWs+EMuhhvN0h9uhfzWJziBQmCREGSIFmQIkgVpAnSBRmC//6hkLZwaVhwxlrJSOdqlFtOYxlau9F2QN5Y98xmIAsiM1HVp2VFX+DHHGg6Ecjh3vmqtidX3qHI2qycTk/iwxSt5UzTmEP92ZBnEWTk4Mx8Mpl78ZDokxg/KWb+Q0QkvdKVmq3TMW+RXEgrsziSAfNXFMhDc60N5N9jQzjfO0kBKpUZl0ZmwJ41j/B9Hz6wmRaJB84niNmQrzp9eSlQCDDzazGDdVi3P36VZQ+Jy4f9UBNp+3zTjqI4abaFAm+GShVaXlsGdF3FYzZcDI6cori4kMxUECl9IjJZpzkvitAoxKue+90pDMvcKRxLl53TmOKCmV/xRolNKSqqUxc6LStOETmFOiLZZptlZepcKiAzteG8PEdpnQpbOMNcMsR4RR2Bs0cKFEvSmIjAFcnarqwUL4lDhHmnVkwu1IwshbiCcgvOheZuYyOteufZZwlcTlLgnZ3o/WcYdzZHW/WGaqaVfmTZ1aWCceJjkbZqsfbkOtcFlUZM/jy+hXHDbaUobWqqXaeWobbLO99yG5N3U4wxco0rQGGcOLASFMXeJoham8M+/x6O2WywK2l4HGbq1CoUyC/IZikQhdq3SiuNrvAEj0AVu9x2x3lp/xWzahaxidezFVtdcb5uEnzyl0ZmYiuKI0exvCd4Xc9CV1KB0db00z92wDPde0kukbvZIWN6jUWFTmPIC/Y4UPCm8UfDTFZpZNon1qLFTkBhxzB+FjQRA2Q/YRJT8pQigslMaUpFyAG8TMlXigiqmAZX4xgijKjRlGpLE0GdplRfCaJo0JQaSxNBk6ZmMzcya0FmrcisDdn0Q3HI2sWSppYigmlM1XT/kLQZSNpMJG0WkjYbSZuDpM1F0uYhFc1HxU4m1QJjDK6iL0S5uSj5rgXc3RejEigtcRBtqYPQsiTskmO5vosV+q4VGIKbOkDg0jtRrq+Em1YloaTFar3EGr1EUC8R0kus1Uus00usL97ABr2BjXoDm/QGNhuWtMVBKOwg/i78lT7hBsAvDmwHc/ao3vmUbBmhjeYySZNWvGkfZAgISDSaDo1SVpzGDsAEkF8B+gEapViUoZgUWXcRIGFZNm6gWbAKk0bp0k1MHG9fLYtV4iS2SmLEQFARzRcnf9PUS0LVn05/J9MiRRBU3v2IrvW974v4N00L7ZMk0wXP1409CHo/an8zTRHD3eSJ6m8D4YMkZNl3M79sqeuAsr/m3f+8/yl7A50aiAEJgeBeMWzu7ui9UfUBCe2TIqZIoOd/3/udRBOQidQZUERzb2/VwZN1H/Sju82ew2H2Wfr6qvfVf3hqwDvAIpkQVFy4B9Pe9e4/XvPeceu7h3dvO56iJPf0+A6cqA2ip18ER+iFgggiuOkvj24bby0N9j2UHIkgqIt+sVgfodC4YghLSMjSZbH0VR/6dMDrYJeKHilKTemt6v6kvzvn3/RrdWtr0GoN/xL+Sex/cPYLUpepx9cz/D46UPU5KXgAQa+NDps1v6J3xP1i2HtaDB0M9aX2deA7SYff//+gUCovMmIK/qfsFcOk+4Y5ZN97XlG6zebqtMbKgeRFi51vnxTQYBUik2rS/Cn6PC8ADR8FGxsRPB82dzfND90gIcshOcYUkfjherBz53odpm6TP8txlwOZ71xmfHHOvq053qFF/MRlS3jP0ELudrf2OeN8DHvp6ZceLe8qKYvWz/7yp0u4dKPfli3CYq0O13Ih71mylJ80tOi10On8wi+F4+LWgDPeJ30msSQt9/vkmHq9/Lvo2b461mP801v3W4xTcs6CbvF9UDdrSt+A8OUbpSh55qAUFXWznBBfdeJ8a4d7ugT5tvxUza3h9m4H7ptTqiG4z0g5dc0X29OcGlhpGFMpQo9ytTS+NViZpNdvU4kWx+LKxNY10kQ1yqGXrhe4/1nvP7E+nd5A92TtaRplbHSqoIdOqtRWti+fkB5/n1+/VvCmz12pG1kpQWsfi1ftlBobm0bpngs16CHkbIwdLnParxtTV3QYRlfJ0KFskH7pdN/YDn+yRuSd7sNH3aO0DYPggk6uWuXrfOc+fa3VTxFVvKaNxHsiHmsXyCLIE5yuOeN3/Jdf8HBL/5M6shjyhxHx9BjB1O0+4NLOnjLLSxwO7ukN4jMbOIcD879KLSi6Pk61Oqm2377n8079PXEEQ7cy7OKEC9nbpet118fxweTafpt69x/Bt8UqGzNQt7aelpc44dn5cqhwf71+qKp/Zf/+a0zcizOUWpl/iBcSXip0pplkatCchoH5c5aUM8I7/dWxAej8WicPL1URFZ9BDJelUwEwTkGqUhgSlydVes95YdXvhh9Gfz/aeFWvgVb4tuLbcv4+wLdutVZv/cUonwBD/6eDlE0aSiKK/uoH3+J1wDE/jMVqY2ysGufN84oIXB0sPzy8ollX/LegY74DgJXJR57sn+VGza0x3DnuIgABFM15LmajjjsNlYj+JEZGbuRYcAMOWxFkPN2w6Wd46xo4gVWQR/X4lyI/R6K/YK0110GzudPRW7Y+UOBGTfNNzHeYT0fiH0taunBpq9HEW8OKSaBGj21L0MqenEmNRWBAWDWAk4CpNoEZJ2tTaPFgbQYj8HxtFilErs3BTRwT8uO1NXQaWfIotchmPkAF5mMBAliEmZiOGVgCG9LgRzpscMAOOwowlT3JhusdazXGSC/hxR3UlmWVwWHpOIKheqONvjyhSiTHIkVUco5bnji8m//zL7PKaT1Vl5I6UE609f+gkr6MZKVyKc7zJRmCahLsdlyA5fdQkRSan9LgnnLEyGSkaKJCJog0wAgvepWBt80+1yKln1bMVtCljfNWDueKLsWwaEbBSfSPTEmVRsUcYYMnEjcjeyCZzBXK9E9BYBXLKjOSpUDR+nEV3TFSUdQaz+ot98QxgXwx0GQ+EEUAKB2qZPkQQ0GqFD8UPFMqyaCHM24BZmSGic9EYMagKizOw9Hz50DMrDLrqqLkTAhplMictiCAx5S3BIUQdeJeLnBy2CNtMfz6cV4u8XKoFZQesbf9YZiIERiHjaNodDW6LgcirX/mPnJIkBGDUpTBhSa0EIr38D5hCIszhCM8URGBqImoWjpvpt1ebu/v3Gl3qJfMnNM+9V+kiRFyROTPHQWOcs1dNW94/ukKMPZBvDi55i5CttdeJz84DLngLqjcdwEZ87bFFR8CIG35OAkDVN6VRDZ7aq67NteYqZ2lpT8oYB2CytoBd6VuAx4WgiAsnuj3WohG+LugzXiQRDeM3XYXlULv4dp5VFYC) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size3-Regular.CTq5MqoE.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size3-Regular.DgpXs0kz.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size4;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.Dl5lxZxV.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.BF-4gkZK.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.DWFBv043.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.CO6r4hn1.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.C0xS9mPB.woff) format("woff"),url(/_astro/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.D3Ib7_Hf.ttf) format("truetype")}.katex{font: 1.21em KaTeX_Main,Times New Roman,serif;line-height:1.2;position:relative;text-indent:0;text-rendering:auto}.katex *{-ms-high-contrast-adjust:none!important;border-color:currentColor}.katex .katex-version:after{content:"0.17.0"}.katex .katex-mathml{border:0;-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.katex .katex-html>.newline{display:block}.katex .base{position:relative;white-space:nowrap;width:-webkit-min-content;width:-moz-min-content;width:min-content}.katex .base,.katex .strut{display:inline-block}.katex .textbf{font-weight:700}.katex .textit{font-style:italic}.katex .textrm{font-family:KaTeX_Main}.katex .textsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif}.katex .texttt{font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter}.katex .mathnormal{font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic}.katex .mathit{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic}.katex .mathrm{font-style:normal}.katex .mathbf{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-weight:700}.katex .boldsymbol{font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:700}.katex .amsrm,.katex .mathbb,.katex .textbb{font-family:KaTeX_AMS}.katex .mathcal{font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic}.katex .mathfrak,.katex .textfrak{font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur}.katex .mathboldfrak,.katex .textboldfrak{font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-weight:700}.katex .mathtt{font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter}.katex .mathscr,.katex .textscr{font-family:KaTeX_Script}.katex .mathsf,.katex .textsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif}.katex .mathboldsf,.katex .textboldsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-weight:700}.katex .mathitsf,.katex .mathsfit,.katex .textitsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:italic}.katex .mainrm{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal}.katex .vlist-t{border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;table-layout:fixed}.katex .vlist-r{display:table-row}.katex .vlist{display:table-cell;position:relative;vertical-align:bottom}.katex .vlist>span{display:block;height:0;position:relative}.katex .vlist>span>span{display:inline-block}.katex .vlist>span>.pstrut{overflow:hidden;width:0}.katex .vlist-t2{margin-right:-2px}.katex .vlist-s{display:table-cell;font-size:1px;min-width:2px;vertical-align:bottom;width:2px}.katex .vbox{align-items:baseline;display:inline-flex;flex-direction:column}.katex .hbox{width:100%}.katex .hbox,.katex .thinbox{display:inline-flex;flex-direction:row}.katex .thinbox{max-width:0;width:0}.katex .msupsub{text-align:left}.katex .mfrac>span>span{text-align:center}.katex .mfrac .frac-line{border-bottom-style:solid;display:inline-block;width:100%}.katex .hdashline,.katex .hline,.katex .mfrac .frac-line,.katex .overline .overline-line,.katex .rule,.katex .underline .underline-line{min-height:1px}.katex .mspace{display:inline-block}.katex .smash{display:inline;line-height:0}.katex .clap,.katex .llap,.katex .rlap{position:relative;width:0}.katex .clap>.inner,.katex .llap>.inner,.katex .rlap>.inner{position:absolute}.katex .clap>.fix,.katex .llap>.fix,.katex .rlap>.fix{display:inline-block}.katex .llap>.inner{right:0}.katex .clap>.inner,.katex .rlap>.inner{left:0}.katex .clap>.inner>span{margin-left:-50%;margin-right:50%}.katex .rule{border:0 solid;display:inline-block;position:relative}.katex .hline,.katex .overline .overline-line,.katex .underline .underline-line{border-bottom-style:solid;display:inline-block;width:100%}.katex .hdashline{border-bottom-style:dashed;display:inline-block;width:100%}.katex .sqrt>.root{margin-left:.2777777778em;margin-right:-.5555555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size1{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size2{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size3{font-size:1.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size4{font-size:1.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size5{font-size:1.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size6{font-size:2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size7{font-size:2.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size8{font-size:2.88em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size9{font-size:3.456em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size10{font-size:4.148em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size1.size11{font-size:4.976em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size1{font-size:.8333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size2{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size3{font-size:1.1666666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size4{font-size:1.3333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size5{font-size:1.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size6{font-size:1.6666666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size7{font-size:2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size8{font-size:2.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size9{font-size:2.88em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size10{font-size:3.4566666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size2.size11{font-size:4.1466666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size1{font-size:.7142857143em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size2{font-size:.8571428571em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size3{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size4{font-size:1.1428571429em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size5{font-size:1.2857142857em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size6{font-size:1.4285714286em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size7{font-size:1.7142857143em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size8{font-size:2.0571428571em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size9{font-size:2.4685714286em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size10{font-size:2.9628571429em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size3.size11{font-size:3.5542857143em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size1{font-size:.625em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size2{font-size:.75em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size3{font-size:.875em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size4{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size5{font-size:1.125em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size6{font-size:1.25em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size7{font-size:1.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size8{font-size:1.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size9{font-size:2.16em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size10{font-size:2.5925em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size4.size11{font-size:3.11em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size1{font-size:.5555555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size2{font-size:.6666666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size3{font-size:.7777777778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size4{font-size:.8888888889em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size5{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size6{font-size:1.1111111111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size7{font-size:1.3333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size8{font-size:1.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size9{font-size:1.92em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size10{font-size:2.3044444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size5.size11{font-size:2.7644444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size1{font-size:.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size2{font-size:.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size3{font-size:.7em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size4{font-size:.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size5{font-size:.9em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size6{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size7{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size8{font-size:1.44em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size9{font-size:1.728em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size10{font-size:2.074em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size6.size11{font-size:2.488em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size1{font-size:.4166666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size2{font-size:.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size3{font-size:.5833333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size4{font-size:.6666666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size5{font-size:.75em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size6{font-size:.8333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size7{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size8{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size9{font-size:1.44em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size10{font-size:1.7283333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size7.size11{font-size:2.0733333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size1{font-size:.3472222222em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size2{font-size:.4166666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size3{font-size:.4861111111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size4{font-size:.5555555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size5{font-size:.625em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size6{font-size:.6944444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size7{font-size:.8333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size8{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size9{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size10{font-size:1.4402777778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size8.size11{font-size:1.7277777778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size1{font-size:.2893518519em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size2{font-size:.3472222222em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size3{font-size:.4050925926em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size4{font-size:.462962963em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size5{font-size:.5208333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size6{font-size:.5787037037em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size7{font-size:.6944444444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size8{font-size:.8333333333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size9{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size10{font-size:1.2002314815em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size9.size11{font-size:1.4398148148em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size1{font-size:.2410800386em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size2{font-size:.2892960463em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size3{font-size:.337512054em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size4{font-size:.3857280617em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size5{font-size:.4339440694em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size6{font-size:.4821600771em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size7{font-size:.5785920926em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size8{font-size:.6943105111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size9{font-size:.8331726133em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size10{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size10.size11{font-size:1.1996142719em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size1,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size1{font-size:.2009646302em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size2,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size2{font-size:.2411575563em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size3,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size3{font-size:.2813504823em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size4,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size4{font-size:.3215434084em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size5,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size5{font-size:.3617363344em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size6,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size6{font-size:.4019292605em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size7,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size7{font-size:.4823151125em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size8,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size8{font-size:.578778135em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size9,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size9{font-size:.6945337621em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size10,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size10{font-size:.8336012862em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size11,.katex .sizing.reset-size11.size11{font-size:1em}.katex .delimsizing.size1{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .delimsizing.size2{font-family:KaTeX_Size2}.katex .delimsizing.size3{font-family:KaTeX_Size3}.katex .delimsizing.size4{font-family:KaTeX_Size4}.katex .delimsizing.mult .delim-size1>span{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .delimsizing.mult .delim-size4>span{font-family:KaTeX_Size4}.katex .nulldelimiter{display:inline-block;width:.12em}.katex .delimcenter,.katex .op-symbol{position:relative}.katex .op-symbol.small-op{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .op-symbol.large-op{font-family:KaTeX_Size2}.katex .accent>.vlist-t,.katex .op-limits>.vlist-t{text-align:center}.katex .accent .accent-body{position:relative}.katex .accent .accent-body:not(.accent-full){width:0}.katex .overlay{display:block}.katex .mtable .vertical-separator{display:inline-block;min-width:1px}.katex .mtable .arraycolsep{display:inline-block}.katex .mtable .col-align-c>.vlist-t{text-align:center}.katex .mtable .col-align-l>.vlist-t{text-align:left}.katex .mtable .col-align-r>.vlist-t{text-align:right}.katex .svg-align{text-align:left}.katex svg{fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;display:block;height:inherit;position:absolute;width:100%}.katex svg path{stroke:none}.katex svg{fill-rule:nonzero;fill-opacity:1;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1}.katex img{border-style:none;max-height:none;max-width:none;min-height:0;min-width:0}.katex .stretchy{display:block;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%}.katex .stretchy:after,.katex .stretchy:before{content:""}.katex .hide-tail{overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%}.katex .halfarrow-left{left:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:50.2%}.katex .halfarrow-right{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;width:50.2%}.katex .brace-left{left:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:25.1%}.katex .brace-center{left:25%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:50%}.katex .brace-right{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;width:25.1%}.katex .x-arrow-pad{padding:0 .5em}.katex .cd-arrow-pad{padding:0 .55556em 0 .27778em}.katex .mover,.katex .munder,.katex .x-arrow{text-align:center}.katex .boxpad{padding:0 .3em}.katex .fbox,.katex .fcolorbox{border:.04em solid;box-sizing:border-box}.katex .cancel-pad{padding:0 .2em}.katex .cancel-lap{margin-left:-.2em;margin-right:-.2em}.katex .sout{border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:.08em}.katex .angl{border-right:.049em solid;border-top:.049em solid;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:.03889em}.katex .anglpad{padding:0 .03889em}.katex .eqn-num:before{content:"(" counter(katexEqnNo) ")";counter-increment:katexEqnNo}.katex .mml-eqn-num:before{content:"(" counter(mmlEqnNo) ")";counter-increment:mmlEqnNo}.katex .mtr-glue{width:50%}.katex .cd-vert-arrow{display:inline-block;position:relative}.katex .cd-label-left{display:inline-block;position:absolute;right:calc(50% + .3em);text-align:left}.katex .cd-label-right{display:inline-block;left:calc(50% + .3em);position:absolute;text-align:right}.katex-display{display:block;margin:1em 0;text-align:center}.katex-display>.katex{display:block;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}.katex-display>.katex>.katex-html{display:block;position:relative}.katex-display>.katex>.katex-html>.tag{position:absolute;right:0}.katex-display.leqno>.katex>.katex-html>.tag{left:0;right:auto}.katex-display.fleqn>.katex{padding-left:2em;text-align:left}body{counter-reset:katexEqnNo mmlEqnNo}@font-face{font-family:Libertinus Sans;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/libertinus-sans-latin-400-normal.DQ2Y5NjF.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/libertinus-sans-latin-400-normal.v2UYa1rV.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-family:Libertinus Sans;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:700;src:url(/_astro/libertinus-sans-latin-700-normal.CKZR-Cq-.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/libertinus-sans-latin-700-normal.BPbM2TUI.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-family:Libertinus Sans;font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/libertinus-sans-latin-400-italic.C7ck4JZI.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/_astro/libertinus-sans-latin-400-italic.Cu5SHQfR.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-family:Victor Mono;src:url(/css/fonts/victor-mono/VictorMono-Medium.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/css/fonts/victor-mono/VictorMono-Medium.woff) format("woff");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:Victor Mono;src:url(/css/fonts/victor-mono/VictorMono-MediumOblique.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/css/fonts/victor-mono/VictorMono-MediumOblique.woff) format("woff");font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:Victor Mono;src:url(/css/fonts/victor-mono/VictorMono-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/css/fonts/victor-mono/VictorMono-Bold.woff) format("woff");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:Victor Mono;src:url(/css/fonts/victor-mono/VictorMono-BoldOblique.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/css/fonts/victor-mono/VictorMono-BoldOblique.woff) format("woff");font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}:root{color-scheme:light;--font-prose: "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;--font-ui: "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;--font-code: "Victor Mono", ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Consolas, "Liberation Mono", monospace;--color-ink: #243243;--color-ink-soft: #4d6175;--color-muted: #6f8498;--color-link: #075f93;--color-link-hover: #03466f;--color-sky-900: #0b4f71;--color-sky-700: #1673a2;--color-sky-500: #55a9d7;--color-sky-200: #d9edf7;--color-sky-100: #edf8fc;--color-paper: #fcfefe;--color-surface: #f7fbfd;--color-surface-raised: #ffffff;--color-rule: #c9dce8;--color-rule-strong: #94b9ca;--color-code-bg: #f3f8fb;--color-selection: #cfeeff;--color-focus: #0487c4;--space-1: .25rem;--space-2: .5rem;--space-3: .75rem;--space-4: 1rem;--space-5: 1.5rem;--space-6: 2rem;--space-7: 3rem;--space-8: 4.5rem;--measure: 85ch;--measure-rail-offset: 41rem;--content-width: min(100% - 4rem, 87rem);--shell-width: min(100% - 4rem, 88rem);--margin-rail: 18rem;--content-gap: clamp(1rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);--rail-gap: clamp(.5rem, 1.5vw, 1.25rem);--rule: 1px solid var(--color-rule);--radius-sm: .2rem;--radius-md: .45rem;--focus-ring: 0 0 0 3px color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-focus) 25%, transparent);--katex-scale: .92em}*{box-sizing:border-box;font-variant-ligatures:none}html{min-height:100%;background:var(--color-paper);color:var(--color-ink);font-family:var(--font-prose);font-size:clamp(17px,.95rem + .25vw,20px);line-height:1.5;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}body{min-height:100vh;margin:0;min-width:320px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(85,169,215,.07),transparent 22rem),var(--color-paper)}::selection{background:var(--color-selection)}.skip-link{position:absolute;left:var(--space-4);top:var(--space-3);z-index:500;transform:translateY(-180%);border:1px solid var(--color-focus);border-radius:var(--radius-sm);background:var(--color-surface-raised);color:var(--color-link);padding:var(--space-2) var(--space-3);font-family:var(--font-ui);font-weight:700}.skip-link:focus-visible{transform:translateY(0)}a{color:var(--color-link);text-decoration-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--color-link) 55%,transparent);text-decoration-thickness:.07em;text-underline-offset:.16em}a:hover{color:var(--color-link-hover);text-decoration-color:currentColor}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--color-focus);outline-offset:3px;box-shadow:var(--focus-ring)}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{color:var(--color-sky-900);font-family:var(--font-ui);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.015em;line-height:1.15;margin:var(--space-5) 0 var(--space-2)}h1{font-size:2rem}h2{font-size:1.55rem}h3{font-size:1.2rem;color:var(--color-ink);font-style:italic}h4{font-size:1.05rem;color:var(--color-ink-soft)}p,dl,ol,ul,table,blockquote,pre,figure{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--space-3)}p,li,dd,dt{max-width:var(--measure)}ol,ul{padding-left:1.4em}li+li{margin-top:var(--space-1)}hr{width:min(16rem,40%);margin:var(--space-6) 0;border:0;border-top:var(--rule)}blockquote{max-width:var(--measure);border-left:3px solid var(--color-sky-500);color:var(--color-ink-soft);margin-left:0;padding:var(--space-2) 0 var(--space-2) var(--space-4);background:linear-gradient(90deg,color-mix(in srgb,var(--color-sky-100) 55%,transparent),transparent)}img,svg,video,canvas{max-width:100%;height:auto}table{width:max-content;min-width:min(100%,28rem);max-width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.94rem;white-space:normal;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}th,td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-rule);padding:.35rem .55rem;vertical-align:top}th{color:var(--color-sky-900);text-align:left;background:var(--color-sky-100)}code,kbd,samp,pre{font-family:var(--font-code);font-size:.88em}:not(pre)>code,kbd,samp{background:transparent;border:0;border-radius:0;padding:0}pre{max-width:calc(100% - var(--space-3));margin-left:var(--space-3);overflow-x:auto;border:0;border-radius:0;background:transparent!important;padding:0}button,input,textarea,select{font:inherit}button,.button,input[type=submit]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:var(--space-2);border:1px solid var(--color-sky-700);border-radius:var(--radius-sm);background:var(--color-sky-700);color:#fff;padding:.45rem .75rem;font-family:var(--font-ui);font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer}button:hover,.button:hover,input[type=submit]:hover{background:var(--color-sky-900);color:#fff}input,textarea,select{border:1px solid var(--color-rule-strong);border-radius:var(--radius-sm);background:var(--color-surface-raised);color:var(--color-ink);padding:.45rem .6rem}label{color:var(--color-ink-soft);font-family:var(--font-ui);font-weight:700}@media print{body{background:#fff}.site-header,.site-footer,.skip-link{display:none!important}a{color:inherit}}.site-header{border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-rule);background:linear-gradient(120deg,#d9edf7f2,#fffffff0 54%,#edf8fceb),var(--color-surface)}.site-header__nav{width:var(--shell-width);margin:0 auto;min-height:3.6rem;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--space-4)}.header-section,.site-header__primary{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:clamp(1.05rem,3.3vw,2.25rem)}.logo a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;color:var(--color-sky-900);background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--color-sky-700),color-mix(in srgb,var(--color-sky-700) 35%,var(--color-sky-900)));background-clip:text;-webkit-background-clip:text;-webkit-text-fill-color:transparent;font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:clamp(2.025rem,1.5rem + 2.1vw,3rem);line-height:1;font-weight:700;font-style:italic;letter-spacing:-.035em;padding-right:.08em;text-decoration:none}.site-header ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.site-header li+li{margin-top:0}.menu-items,.right-header,.site-header__utilities{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.18rem}.menu-items a,.right-header a,.site-header__utilities a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.35rem;border-radius:var(--radius-sm);color:var(--color-ink-soft);font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:1.38rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1;padding:.45rem .55rem;text-decoration:none}.menu-items a:hover,.right-header a:hover,.site-header__utilities a:hover{background:var(--color-sky-100);color:var(--color-sky-900)}.site-header__utilities a[href="/feed.xml"]{color:var(--color-muted)}.site-header svg{width:1em;height:1em;fill:currentColor}#menu-label,#menu-toggle,.top-header{display:none}.site-main{width:var(--content-width);margin:0 auto;padding:var(--space-6) 0 var(--space-5);flex:1 0 auto}.maincontent{position:relative;counter-reset:sidenote-counter}.maincontent>:first-child{margin-top:0}.site-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--color-rule);background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--color-surface),#eef7fb);color:var(--color-ink-soft);font-size:.9rem}.site-footer__inner{width:var(--shell-width);margin:0 auto;padding:var(--space-5) 0;display:grid;gap:var(--space-4);grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.3fr) minmax(16rem,.7fr)}.site-footer__brand{color:var(--color-sky-900);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:var(--space-2)}.site-footer__license img{height:1em;width:auto;margin-left:.18rem;vertical-align:-.12em}.site-footer__links{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:flex-end;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--space-2) var(--space-4)}.site-footer__links a{color:var(--color-ink-soft);font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}.site-footer__links a:hover{color:var(--color-link);text-decoration:underline}@media(max-width:760px){.site-header__nav{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;padding:var(--space-3) 0}.header-section{width:100%;justify-content:space-between}#menu-label{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;color:var(--color-sky-900);cursor:pointer}#menu-label svg{width:1.7rem;height:1.7rem}#menu-toggle:not(:checked)~.menu-items{display:none}.menu-items{width:100%;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:var(--space-1);padding-top:var(--space-3)}.menu-items a{padding:var(--space-2) 0}.right-header{display:none}.top-header{display:block}.site-main{padding-top:var(--space-5)}.site-footer__inner{grid-template-columns:1fr}.site-footer__links{justify-content:flex-start}}.article-layout{position:relative;--article-column: minmax(0, var(--measure));--article-rail: minmax(12rem, var(--margin-rail));display:grid;grid-template-columns:var(--article-column);column-gap:var(--rail-gap);align-items:start;max-width:var(--measure);counter-reset:content-sidenote-counter}.article-layout>*{grid-column:1;min-width:0}.content-header{max-width:var(--measure);margin-bottom:var(--space-4);border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-rule);padding-bottom:var(--space-4)}.content-header h1{margin-top:0}.content-wide,.article-layout>.wide,.article-layout>.fullwidth,.article-layout>.content-image--wide,.article-layout>.content-image--full,.article-layout>.content-image-set--wide,.article-layout>.content-image-set--full,.article-layout>.legacy-gallery,.article-layout>.legacy-figure.fullwidth{width:100%;max-width:100%}.article-layout>:is(pre,table,figure,blockquote,.katex-display,mjx-container[jax=CHTML][display=true]){min-width:0}.article-layout :is(pre,table,.katex-display,mjx-container[jax=CHTML][display=true]){max-width:100%}.article-layout>:is(.table-wrapper,div:has(>table)){margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.article-layout :is(img,svg,video,canvas,iframe,plot,plot-data){max-width:100%}@media(min-width:1120px){.article-layout{grid-template-columns:var(--article-column) var(--article-rail);max-width:calc(var(--measure) + var(--rail-gap) + var(--margin-rail))}.article-layout>.content-wide,.article-layout>.wide,.article-layout>.fullwidth,.article-layout>.content-image--wide,.article-layout>.content-image--full,.article-layout>.content-image-set--wide,.article-layout>.content-image-set--full,.article-layout>.legacy-gallery,.article-layout>.legacy-figure.fullwidth{grid-column:1 / -1}.article-layout>.content-image--margin,.article-layout>.content-margin-note,.article-layout>.content-sidenote,.article-layout>.margin-figure,.article-layout>.marginnote,.article-layout>.sidenote{grid-column:2;width:auto;max-width:var(--margin-rail);height:0;margin:0;float:none;overflow:visible}}@media(max-width:1119px){.article-layout{max-width:var(--measure)}.article-layout>.content-wide,.article-layout>.wide,.article-layout>.fullwidth,.article-layout>.content-image--wide,.article-layout>.content-image--full,.article-layout>.content-image-set--wide,.article-layout>.content-image-set--full,.article-layout>.legacy-gallery,.article-layout>.legacy-figure.fullwidth{grid-column:1}}@media print{.article-layout{display:block;max-width:none}}.blog-post-header,.content-header{max-width:var(--measure);margin-bottom:var(--space-4);border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-rule);padding-bottom:var(--space-3)}.blog-post-header h1,.content-header h1{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--space-2);font-size:36px}.article-layout h2{margin-top:calc(var(--space-5) / 2);font-size:28px}.article-layout h3{margin-top:calc(var(--space-5) / 4);font-size:22px}.article-layout h4{font-size:19px}.blog-post-meta,.post-meta,.metadata,.search-status,.pagination-status{color:var(--color-muted);font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:.88rem;letter-spacing:.01em}.blog-categories,.category-list{display:inline-flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.35rem;margin:0 0 0 var(--space-2);vertical-align:baseline}.category{display:inline-flex}.category a,a.category{border:1px solid var(--color-rule);border-radius:999px;background:var(--color-sky-100);color:var(--color-sky-900);display:inline-flex;font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:.78rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1;padding:.2rem .45rem;text-decoration:none}.post-summary,.archive-entry,.project-summary,.tutorial-summary,.search-results li{max-width:var(--measure);border-top:1px solid var(--color-rule);padding-top:var(--space-3);margin-bottom:var(--space-4)}.post-summary h2,.archive-entry h2,.project-summary h2,.tutorial-summary h2{margin-top:0}.index-article-title{margin-bottom:var(--space-1);font-size:clamp(1.2rem,1rem + .65vw,1.55rem)}.index-article-title a{text-decoration:none}.index-article-title a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:.06em}.index-article-meta{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--space-2);margin-bottom:var(--space-2)}.index-article-meta .blog-categories{margin-left:0}.index-article-date{color:var(--color-muted);font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:.88rem}.index-older-newer-links,.page-prev-next-links{max-width:var(--measure);margin-top:var(--space-7);border-top:1px solid var(--color-rule);padding-top:var(--space-4);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--space-4)}.page-next-link{margin-left:auto;text-align:right}.astro-code{border:0!important;box-shadow:none!important;background-color:transparent!important}.maincontent .katex{color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--color-ink) 93%,var(--color-sky-700));font-size:var(--katex-scale)}.katex-display,mjx-container[jax=CHTML][display=true]{max-width:min(100%,var(--measure));overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;padding:var(--space-2) 0}.katex-display>.katex{display:inline-block;min-width:max-content}figure{max-width:var(--measure);margin-left:0}figcaption,.caption{color:var(--color-muted);font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.4;margin-top:var(--space-2)}.content-image,.content-image-set,.content-callout{margin:var(--space-4) 0}.content-callout{max-width:var(--measure);border:1px solid var(--content-callout-rule, var(--color-rule));border-left:.22rem solid var(--content-callout-accent, var(--color-sky-700));border-radius:var(--radius-md);background:var(--content-callout-bg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-sky-100) 72%, var(--color-paper)));color:var(--color-ink-soft);padding:var(--space-4)}.content-callout--tip{--content-callout-accent: #4b8f65;--content-callout-rule: color-mix(in srgb, #4b8f65 32%, var(--color-rule));--content-callout-bg: color-mix(in srgb, #edf8ef 78%, var(--color-paper))}.content-callout--warning{--content-callout-accent: #a76b13;--content-callout-rule: color-mix(in srgb, #a76b13 36%, var(--color-rule));--content-callout-bg: color-mix(in srgb, #fff5df 78%, var(--color-paper))}.content-callout--danger{--content-callout-accent: #b54848;--content-callout-rule: color-mix(in srgb, #b54848 38%, var(--color-rule));--content-callout-bg: color-mix(in srgb, #fff0ef 78%, var(--color-paper))}.content-callout__header{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:var(--space-2);margin-bottom:var(--space-2)}.content-callout__marker{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex:0 0 auto;width:1.35rem;height:1.35rem;border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--content-callout-accent, var(--color-sky-700)) 38%,transparent);border-radius:999px;color:var(--content-callout-accent, var(--color-sky-700));font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:.78rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1}.content-callout__title{margin:0;color:var(--color-ink);font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:.94rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3}.content-callout__body>:first-child{margin-top:0}.content-callout__body>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.content-callout__body a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--color-focus);outline-offset:2px;box-shadow:var(--focus-ring)}.content-sidenote,.content-margin-note{color:var(--color-muted);font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.4}.content-sidenote__toggle,.content-margin-note__toggle{position:absolute;inline-size:1px;block-size:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap}.content-sidenote__ref,.content-margin-note__ref{color:var(--color-link);cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--font-ui);font-weight:700}.content-sidenote__ref:after{counter-increment:content-sidenote-counter;content:counter(content-sidenote-counter);vertical-align:super;font-size:.7em;line-height:0}.content-margin-note__ref{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-width:1.25em}.content-sidenote__toggle:focus-visible+.content-sidenote__ref,.content-margin-note__toggle:focus-visible+.content-margin-note__ref{outline:2px solid var(--color-focus);outline-offset:2px}.content-sidenote__body,.content-margin-note__body{clear:right;float:right;width:min(45%,var(--margin-rail));margin-right:-50%;margin-bottom:var(--space-3);color:var(--color-muted);font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.4}.content-sidenote__body:before{content:counter(content-sidenote-counter);float:left;margin-right:.35em;color:var(--color-ink-soft);font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:.78em;font-weight:700;line-height:1;transform:translateY(.08em)}.content-margin-note__body{font-size:.84rem}.content-sidenote__body :first-child,.content-margin-note__body :first-child{margin-top:0}.content-sidenote__body :last-child,.content-margin-note__body :last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media(min-width:1120px){.content-sidenote,.content-margin-note{position:static}.content-sidenote__body,.content-margin-note__body{position:absolute;left:calc(100% - var(--margin-rail));width:var(--margin-rail);max-width:var(--margin-rail);margin:0;clear:none;float:none;z-index:1}}@media(min-width:1120px){.content-margin-note__ref{position:absolute;inline-size:1px;block-size:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap}}@media(max-width:1119px){.content-sidenote__body,.content-margin-note__body{float:none;display:block;width:auto;max-width:var(--measure);margin:var(--space-3) 0;border-left:3px solid var(--color-rule-strong);background:var(--color-sky-100);padding:var(--space-3)}.content-sidenote__toggle:not(:checked)~.content-sidenote__body,.content-margin-note__toggle:not(:checked)~.content-margin-note__body{display:none}.content-sidenote__toggle:checked~.content-sidenote__body,.content-margin-note__toggle:checked~.content-margin-note__body{display:block}.content-sidenote__ref:after,.content-margin-note__ref{border:1px solid var(--color-rule-strong);border-radius:999px;background:var(--color-paper);padding:0 .25em}}.content-image--inline{max-width:var(--measure)}.content-image--wide,.content-image-set--wide{max-width:calc(var(--measure) + var(--content-gap) + var(--margin-rail))}.content-image--full,.content-image-set--full{max-width:100%}.content-image--margin{color:var(--color-muted);font-size:.82rem}.content-image__media,.content-image-set__item img,.content-image-set__item picture{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.content-image__link{display:block;text-decoration:none}.content-image__caption,.content-image-set__caption,.content-image-set__item-caption{color:var(--color-muted);font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.4;margin-top:var(--space-2)}.content-image-set__items{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--content-image-set-columns, 2),minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--space-4);align-items:start}.content-image-set--group .content-image-set__items{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.content-image-set--group .content-image-set__item{flex:1 1 min(18rem,100%)}.content-image-set__item{margin:0;min-width:0}.content-image-set__item-caption{font-size:.78rem}.fullwidth{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:760px){.content-image-set__items,.content-image-set--group .content-image-set__items{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr}}@media(max-width:760px){.blog-post-meta .blog-categories{display:flex;margin:var(--space-2) 0 0}.index-older-newer-links,.page-prev-next-links{flex-direction:column}.page-next-link{margin-left:0;text-align:left}}.search-page{max-width:min(var(--measure),100%)}.search-hero{padding-bottom:var(--space-4);border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-rule)}.search-hero h1{margin-top:var(--space-1)}.search-hero p:last-child{color:var(--color-ink-soft);font-size:1.08rem}.search-form{margin:var(--space-5) 0 var(--space-3)}.search-form label{display:block;margin-bottom:var(--space-2);color:var(--color-ink-soft);font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:.9rem;font-weight:700}.search-form__controls{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:var(--space-2);align-items:stretch}.search-form input[type=search]{width:100%;border-color:var(--color-sky-300);background:var(--color-surface);font-size:1.05rem}.search-form button{font-weight:700}.search-status{min-height:1.6em;color:var(--color-muted);font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:.92rem}.search-results{display:grid;gap:var(--space-3);list-style:none;margin-top:var(--space-4);padding-left:0}.search-results li{border-left:.2rem solid var(--color-sky-200);padding:var(--space-3) 0 var(--space-3) var(--space-3)}.search-results li a{font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:1.15rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration-thickness:.08em;text-underline-offset:.17em}.search-results p{margin:var(--space-2) 0 var(--space-1);color:var(--color-ink-soft)}.search-results mark{border-radius:var(--radius-sm);background:var(--color-sky-100);color:var(--color-sky-900);padding:0 .08em}.search-results small{color:var(--color-muted);font-family:var(--font-ui);text-transform:lowercase}.search-results__empty{border-left-color:var(--color-rule);color:var(--color-muted);font-style:italic}@media(max-width:560px){.search-form__controls{grid-template-columns:1fr}}dl.compact,ol.compact,ul.compact{line-height:1.2}section>ol.compact,section>ul.compact,section>dl.compact{margin-top:.35rem;margin-bottom:.35rem}section>ol li>p,section>ul li>p,section>dl dd>p{margin-top:.25rem;margin-bottom:.25rem}.epigraph{margin:var(--space-6) 0}.epigraph>blockquote,.epigraph>blockquote>p{font-style:italic}.epigraph>blockquote footer{font-style:normal;text-align:right}.box{box-sizing:border-box;display:flow-root;width:min(100%,var(--measure));border:2px solid;border-radius:.6rem;margin:var(--space-4) 0;padding:.75rem .9rem}aside.box{display:flex;gap:.6rem;align-items:flex-start}.box p{margin-top:0}.box p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.box__icon{flex:0 0 auto;line-height:1}.box__content{min-width:0}.info-box{border-color:#888;background-color:#f0f0f0}.danger-box{border-color:#a00;background-color:#fdd}.danger-box svg{stroke:#a00}.warning-box{border-color:#cc2;background-color:#ffa}.warning-box svg{stroke:#cc2}.tip-box{border-color:#66e;background-color:#dff}.tip-box svg{stroke:#66e}.icon-link{margin:var(--space-3) 0}.icon-link a{box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.3rem;border:1px solid var(--color-rule-strong);border-radius:var(--radius-sm);background-color:var(--color-surface-raised);color:var(--color-ink);padding:.2rem .45rem;font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:.88rem;line-height:1;text-decoration:none}.icon-link a:hover{border-color:var(--color-sky-700);background-color:var(--color-sky-100);color:var(--color-link)}.icon-link svg{flex:0 0 auto;width:.9em;height:.9em}.icon-link p{display:inline;width:auto;margin:0;line-height:inherit}.controls input,.controls select{all:revert;font:13px system-ui,sans-serif}.controls input[type=button]{box-sizing:border-box;width:32px!important;min-width:32px;height:32px;padding:0;appearance:none;border:1px solid #999;border-radius:3px;background-color:#eee;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;vertical-align:middle}.controls input[type=button]#go{background-image:url(/blog/2012/11/2012-11-13-fay-ring-oscillator/play-icon.png)}.controls input[type=button]#stop{background-image:url(/blog/2012/11/2012-11-13-fay-ring-oscillator/stop-icon.png)}.controls input[type=button]#reset{width:auto!important;padding:0 .55rem;background-image:none}.margin-toggle{display:none}.sidenote-number{color:var(--color-link);cursor:pointer}.sidenote-number:after{counter-increment:sidenote-counter;content:counter(sidenote-counter);vertical-align:super;font-size:.7em;line-height:0}.sidenote,.marginnote{clear:right;float:right;width:min(45%,var(--margin-rail));margin-right:-50%;margin-bottom:var(--space-2);color:var(--color-muted);font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.35}section>.marginnote,p>.marginnote{margin-right:-50%}.marginnote img,.sidenote img{display:block;margin-bottom:var(--space-2)}.margin-figure{clear:right;float:right;width:min(45%,var(--margin-rail));margin-right:-50%;margin-bottom:var(--space-2);color:var(--color-muted);font-size:.82rem}.legacy-image,.image-plus,.legacy-tikz,.legacy-figure{max-width:min(100%,var(--measure))}.legacy-image,.image-plus,.legacy-tikz{margin-top:var(--space-3);margin-bottom:var(--space-3)}.legacy-image,.legacy-figure{width:100%;margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.legacy-image__link,.image-plus__link{display:block}.legacy-image img,.image-plus img,.margin-figure img,.legacy-tikz img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.legacy-image[style*=--legacy-image-width] img,.image-plus img{width:100%}.legacy-image__caption{display:block;text-align:center}.legacy-figure>.legacy-image{width:var(--legacy-image-width, 100%)}.legacy-image--center,.image-plus--center,.legacy-tikz:not([style*=width]){margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align:center}.legacy-image--left,.image-plus--left{margin-left:0;margin-right:auto}.legacy-image--right,.image-plus--right{margin-left:auto;margin-right:0}.legacy-image--no-upscale,.legacy-image--no-upscale .legacy-image__link{width:fit-content}.legacy-tikz[style*=--legacy-tikz-width]{width:var(--legacy-tikz-width)}.legacy-tikz[style*=width] img{width:auto}.legacy-gallery{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--space-4);align-items:flex-start}.gallery-item,.image-plus{flex:0 1 var(--image-plus-width, auto)}section>p>a:only-child>img,figure>div[style*=inline-block]{display:block;max-width:100%}.iframe-outer-wrapper{max-width:min(100%,calc(var(--measure) + var(--content-gap)));margin:var(--space-4) 0}.iframe-wrapper{position:relative;width:100%;aspect-ratio:16 / 9;overflow:hidden;background:var(--color-code-bg)}.iframe-wrapper iframe{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%}.packed,table.packed{font-size:.84rem}@media(min-width:1120px){.maincontent:has(.blog-post-header),.maincontent:has(.page-prev-next-links){max-width:calc(var(--measure) + var(--rail-gap) + var(--margin-rail))}}@media(max-width:1119px){.sidenote,.marginnote,.margin-figure{float:none;display:block;width:auto;max-width:var(--measure);margin:var(--space-3) 0;border-left:3px solid var(--color-rule-strong);background:var(--color-sky-100);padding:var(--space-3)}.margin-toggle:not(:checked)+.sidenote,.margin-toggle:not(:checked)+.marginnote{display:none}.margin-toggle:checked+.sidenote,.margin-toggle:checked+.marginnote{display:block}.sidenote-number:after{border:1px solid var(--color-rule-strong);border-radius:999px;padding:0 .25em}}@media(max-width:760px){.legacy-figure>.legacy-image{width:var(--legacy-image-mobile-width, 100%)}.legacy-gallery{display:block}}